Magic breakfast: evaluating school breakfast provision

INTERVENTION: Primary (or infant/junior) schools are randomly allocated to one of two groups: 1. The treatment group will receive support from the charity Magic Breakfast to establish and run a universal free breakfast club, between September 2014 and July 2015 2. The control group will receive this support one year later, between September 2015 and July 2016 CONDITION: Academic performance of relatively disadvantaged pupils in England. ; Not Applicable PRIMARY OUTCOME: 1. Teacher assessed levels of KS1 attainment in English (reading, writing and speaking and listening) and maths; 2. Teacher assessed levels and test scores (and associated levels) of KS2 attainment in English and maths; ; These outcomes will be measured through the National Pupil Database (NPD), which is an administrative dataset collected and maintained by the Department for Education (DfE). This outcome will be measured in May 2015.; SECONDARY OUTCOME: 1. Breakfast consumption: This outcome will be measured through two surveys of pupils, one at baseline (September 2014) and one at the end of the academic year (May 2015); 2. Classroom behaviour and concentration: These outcomes will be measured through two surveys of classroom teachers, one at baseline (September 2014) and one at the end of the academic year (May 2015); 3. Attendance at school: This outcome will be measured through the National Pupil Database (NPD), which is an administrative dataset collected and maintained by the Department for Education (DfE). This outcome will be recorded for the following periods: Autumn 2014, Spring 2015, Summer 2015; 4. Health (proxied by measures of underweight, normal weight, and overweight): This outcome will be measured through the National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP), which records pupils' height, weight, and corresponding BMI for pupils at the start and end of primary school. We will access school‐level averages for each school, measured at some point in the 2014‐2015 academic year INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Primary (or infant/junior) schools in England 2. Schools where at least 35% of pupils are eligible for free school meals 3. Schools where there is no significant existing breakfast provision