Effect of oral glucose on hemodynamics after exercise

INTERVENTION: Trial 1 (glucose ingestion): Subjects are positioned supine for 30 min before drink ingestion. The glucose drink (75g glucose in 225ml) is consumed within 1 min in raised upper body, and then subjects are repositioned supine for 120 min. Trial 2 (exercise): Subjects are positioned supine for 30 min before exercise. The exercise consiste of a 60‐min period of upright cycling at 50% resting heart rate reserve on 60 rpm. Immediately after the exercise period the subjects are positioned supine for a further 120 min. Trial 3 (glucose ingestion after exercise): Subjects are positioned supine for 30 min before exercise. The exercise consiste of a 60‐min period of upright cycling at 50% resting heart rate reserve on 60 rpm. Immediately after the exercise period the subjects are positioned supine for a further 160 min. The glucose drink (75g glucose in 225ml) is ingested at 40 min after exercise. Each protocol is undertaken on a separate day with at least 7 days intervening between trials. The order of three protocols is randomly assigned among subjects. CONDITION: hypertensive patient, hypotensive patient PRIMARY OUTCOME: We evaluate the effects of 75g glucose drink on the systemic and regional hemodynamics response after dynamic exercise. Trial 1 (glucose ingestion): Subjects are positioned supine for 30 min before drink ingestion. The glucose drink (75g glucose in 225ml) is consumed within 1 min in raised upper body, and then subjects are repositioned supine for 120 min. ; Trial 2 (exercise): Subjects are positioned supine for 30 min before exercise. The exercise consiste of a 60‐min period of upright cycling at 50% of resting heart rate reserve on 60 rpm. Immediately after the exercise period the subjects are positioned supine for a further 120 min. ; Trial 3 (glucose ingestion after exercise): Subjects are positioned supine for 30 min before exercise. The exercise consiste of a 60‐min period of upright cycling at 50% resting heart rate reserve on 60 rpm. Immediately after the exercise period the subjects are positioned supine for a further 160 min. The glucose drink (75g glucose in 225ml) is ingested at 40 min after exercise. Blood pressure, heart rate, stroke volume and blood flows of popliteal artery, brachial artery and superior mesenteric artery are measured during the rest, post glucose and post exercise by every 10 min. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Subjects are healthy, normotensive, non‐smoking, sedentary with normal activity; they perform no regular endurance training and participate in < 2 h of aerobic exercise per week.