A randomized controlled trial of an empowerment intervention for female adolescents with diabetes.

INTERVENTION: In addition to standard care the intervention group will receive seven individual Guided Self‐Determination‐Young (GSD‐Y) education visits (1‐1.5 h) with a diabetes nurse, dietician or a physician over six to eight months. The facilitator has got specific education during 40 hours regarding the current method. The GSD‐Y method implies that the participant works with structured reflection sheets. Prior to each visit the participant is supposed to have filled in a reflection sheet. By filling in the reflection sheet using their own words and drawings, adolescents and their parents systematically explore and express their own experiences and difficulties with diabetes in daily life. In the dialogue, between the participant and the facilitator, the facilitator uses different communication models, including mirroring, active listening and value‐clarifying responses. The control group will receive standard care, and are called for visits to the diabetes nurse or the physician on the unit, every second to third month. CONDITION: Diabetes ; Nutritional, Metabolic, Endocrine ; Type 1 diabetes PRIMARY OUTCOME: Glycemic control, measured with HbA1c; ; Outcome will be measured at baseline and after 6, 12 and 24 months SECONDARY OUTCOME: 1. Self‐management: mean frequency of self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) ; 2. Treatment satisfaction: DTSQ Teen and Parent ; 3. Perceived health and quality of life: Check your health, ; 4. Diabetes‐related family conflicts: Diabetes Family Conflict Scale (DFCS) ; 5. Psychosocial self‐efficacy: Swedish Diabetes Empowerment Scale (Swe‐DES 23); ; All outcomes will be measured at baseline and after 6, 12 and 24 months INCLUSION CRITERIA: Female adolescents with diabetes