Pedagogical Proposal of Tele-exercise Based on "Square Step-ping Exercise" in Preschoolers

INTERVENTION: Experimental group will receive Tele‐Square Step Exercise training (Tele‐SSE), 3 times per week and for 9 months. Each training session will have a duration close to 60 minutes and will be supervised by a sports physical educator. The intervention will be applied in groups of no more than 25. At the beginning of the intervention, the instructor will explain the training guidelines. All sessions will be followed by video‐conference through the digital whiteboard placed in every early childhood education classroom. The Tele‐SSE will be performed on a fine carpet of 200 x 80 cm, divided into 40 squares of 20 x 20 cm, adapted to participants' morphological characteristics. Participants will execute the SSE exercise divided in two tapestries simultaneously. SSE includes a total of 200 different movement patterns which are classified, according to their difficulty, into three general levels: beginner, intermediate and advanced. There will be a progression in the levels in the proposed intervention. The beginner level has two sub‐levels, while the intermediate and advanced levels have 3 sub‐levels. The proposed intervention will include a progression along the first six levels until the advanced level 1. The greater levels will be combined with other patterns that include colours or flexible surfaces that make the task even more difficult and encourage cooperative work among participants. Likewise, participants will start with simple two‐step movement patterns and, step by step, they will perform more complex patterns that will require greater number of steps per sequence, multidirectional movements and even the performance of other motor skills, such as jumping with feet together, jumping on one leg, etc. The difficulty of the stepping pattern will be increased one per month CONDITION: Mental Health ‐ Studies of normal psychology, cognitive function and behaviour Motor development;Cognitive development; ; Motor development ; Cognitive development Musculoskeletal ‐ Normal musculoskeletal and cartilage development and function PRIMARY OUTCOME: Balance, assessed using the one‐leg balance test[Baseline, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 (primary endpoint) months post‐intervention commencement] ; above. The children must select the picture that most closely matches the meaning of ; an audio‐recorded word[Baseline, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post‐intervention commencement] Lower limbs strength though a standing long jump test[Baseline, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post‐intervention commencement] Speed‐agility, assessed using the 4 × 10 m test[Baseline, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post‐intervention commencement] Waist circumference, assessed using a measuring tape placed at the level of the narrowest point of the waist[Baseline, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post‐intervention commencement] INCLUSION CRITERIA: a) children aged between 3 and 6 years old; b) To be enrolled in a public early childhood education centre in the autonomous community of Extremadura; c) to complete and sign the informed consent form by their parents or legal guardians; d) children's consent and voluntariness to participate in the intervention SECONDARY OUTCOME: Attention, assessed by two tests within the battery will be performed: the flanker inhibitory control and attention test, a measure of inhibitory control in the context of selective visual attention, and the dimensional change card sort, related to the cognitive flexibility and attention. In the first one, children must focus on a stimulus while inhibiting attention to the flanking ones (fish flanked by two fish on each side). In the second one, two target pictures are presented which vary in two dimensions (shape and colour). Children must sort them as indicated by an audiorecorded cue word.[Baseline, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post‐intervention commencement] Body mass index (BMI), assessed as a composite of weight measured using electronic standing scales and height measured using a stadiometer, etc.[Baseline, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post‐intervention commencement] Cardiorespiratory fitness, assessed using the 20‐m shuttle run test[Baseline, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post‐intervention commencement] Episodic memory, assessed using the picture sequence memory test, with different versions for 3–4 and 5–6 years. In any case, children must reproduce previously‐shown object sequences.[Baseline, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post‐intervention commencement] Executive function, assessed by two tests within the battery will be performed: the flanker inhibitory control and attention test, a measure of inhibitory control in the context of selective visual attention, and the dimensional change card sort, related to the cognitive flexibility and attention. In the first one, children must focus on a stimulus while inhibiting attention to the flanking ones (fish flanked by two fish on each side). In the second one, two target pictures are presented which vary in two dimensions (shape and colour). Children must sort them as indicated by an audiorecorded cue word.[Baseline, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post‐intervention commencement] Handgrip strength, assessed using a dynamometer[Baseline, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months post‐intervention commencement] Language, assessed using the picture vocabulary test, which covers from 3 years and