Efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions on psychological distress, hyperandrogenism, and metabolic profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) negatively impacts women's metabolic health, reproductive hormones, and psychological well-being. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), such as yoga and mindfulness meditation, on anthropometric indices, metabolic profiles, reproductive hormones, and quality of life in women with PCOS. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted with 10 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving 356 participants, selected from databases including PubMed and Cochrane Library up to January 2025. Data were synthesized using Review Manager 5.3 to calculate mean differences (MDs) and standardized mean differences (SMDs). Women in the MBI groups showed significant reductions in BMI, body weight, abdominal circumference, and preliminary improvements in insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; based on two studies), alongside improvements in total testosterone levels and clinical hirsutism. Although generic depression and anxiety scores did not show significant differences, disease-specific quality of life improved significantly. MBIs show potential as metabolic and endocrine modulators and may offer benefits in insulin sensitivity, weight management, and hyperandrogenism beyond mere stress reduction for women with PCOS. © 2026 International Association of Applied Psychology.