The Metabolic Effects of Oral Tributyrin Administration

The goal of this double-blinded randomized clinical cross-over trial is to investigate the metabolic and appetite regulating effects of oral tributyrin (a butyrate pro-drug) administration vs placebo. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does tributyrin have glucose lowering properties in humans? * Does tributyrin reduce appetite in humans? A sample size calculation estimated a minimum of 10 participants. We expect to include 12 participants in this study. Tributyrin or placebo is ingested once or twice daily for 2x2 weeks, separated by a washout period of minimum 2 weeks. On trial day following each 2-week period we assess: * Postprandial blood sugar levels * Hunger sensations (questionnaire) * Enteroendocrine hormone secretion (GLP-1, GIP, PYY, LEAP2, ghrelin) * Cardiac function (echocardiography) - An exploratory study evaluating the hemodynamic effects assessed by echocardiography is anticipated to be published separately. * Caloric intake (ad libitum meal test) * Gastric emptying rate (acetaminophen test) * Resting metabolic rate (indirect calorimetry). While at home, subjects will wear a sleep monitoring device for three consecutive nights and deliver fecal samples for analysis of short-chain fatty acid content and microbiota composition.