Characterization and Detection of Prolonged Endothelin Receptors Antagonists Administration

Endothelin receptors antagonists (ERA), such as bosentan and ambrisentan, are a class of vasoactive drugs that have been developed for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. It has been anecdotally reported that ERA is frequently used among top-level athletes to counteract exercise-induced rise in pulmonary vascular pressures and increase exercise performance. Yet, the effects of ERA on exercise capacity in healthy humans are puzzling, with the drugs not included in the current Prohibited List, since the ergogenic potential is yet to be fully understood and determined. Furthermore, the urinary excretion of ERA metabolites following administration has not been studied systematically at rest and during exercise in athletes, as a way to detect its intake if performance-enhancing potential is confirmed. In the planned study ERA will be administered in newly approved doses for 8 weeks in order to assess the presumed doping potential for both male and female athletes, and to monitor serum and urinary ERA excretion dynamics after single- and multiple-dose administration. The possible effects of prolonged ERA administration in higher doses on exercise performance may be relevant, if further confirmed, in terms of their possible fraudulent utilization to influence exercise performance in sports, raising the difficult question of whether, particularly in some circumstances, the ERA might be considered as prohibited substances in athletes.