VO2max and Substrate Crossover Point

This study aims to investigate the relationship between maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and the substrate crossover point during incremental exercise. A total of 20 physical education students are recruited to complete a maximal incremental treadmill test using the standard Bruce protocol. Indirect calorimetry is utilized to assess oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and energy substrate utilization patterns. The substrate crossover point is operationally defined at a respiratory exchange ratio (RER) threshold of 0.85, indicating the metabolic transition toward predominant carbohydrate oxidation. The primary objective is to evaluate how variations in aerobic capacity influence the timing, oxygen uptake, and heart rate (HR) responses at this metabolic transition threshold.