Prevalence and Prognosis of Drug-Induced Liver Injury

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an important cause of acute liver damage that occurs when prescription medications, over-the-counter drugs, herbal products, or dietary supplements harm the liver. DILI can range from mild abnormalities in liver enzymes that cause no symptoms to severe conditions such as acute liver failure, the need for an urgent liver transplant, or death. Diagnosing DILI is often challenging because it shares symptoms with many other liver diseases, and there are currently no single specific blood tests to confirm it. There is limited data regarding the prevalence, causative agents, and clinical outcomes of DILI among patients in Upper Egypt. The main purpose of this study is to: 1. Determine the hospital-based prevalence of DILI among adult patients attending Al-Rajhi Liver Hospital, Assiut University Hospitals. 2. Identify the most common medications, herbal preparations, and supplements causing liver injury. 3. Categorize the patterns of liver injury (hepatocellular, cholestatic, or mixed) using standardized biochemical calculations (R-ratio). 4. Evaluate patient outcomes and identify clinical and laboratory factors that predict unfavorable outcomes, such as acute liver failure, liver transplantation, or death. The study is an observational study conducted over a two-year period using two approaches: * A retrospective chart review of adult patients diagnosed with DILI during the first year. * A prospective follow-up of consecutive adult patients who present with DILI during the second year. Participants will receive standard medical care as directed by their treating physicians. Routine medical data, laboratory tests, imaging results, and treatment details will be recorded and analyzed to help improve the early detection, prevention, and management of DILI in clinical practice.