South Asian Mothers Being Active (SAMBA)

INTERVENTION: South Asian Mother's Becoming Active (SAMBA) is a culturally‐sensitive and collaboratively‐designed intervention to support South Asian mothers and their children to become more physically active. The intervention was developed through community‐based participatory research, which included focus group discussions and individual interviews with women from the South Asian community. The aim of the intervention is to implement and evaluate a pilot, single‐blinded randomized controlled trial with an experimental group of 30 South Asian mothers and their children, and a delayed matched‐control group, at two community settings in metropolitan Perth. Women from the Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan, Nepali and Bhutanese communities will be recruited to take part. We will assess changes in levels of objectively‐measured physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and BMI; in addition to self‐reported physical activity‐related co‐participation, motivation, parental skills, and psychological well being. Participants can self‐select the level of intensity in which they engage with the physical activities included in the trial (i.e., there is not a 'target' level of intensity to be achieved). Participants will attend one 90‐minute session every week for 10 weeks. The sessions will be held at local community centers. Each session will include a ‘classroom style’ educational component (approximately 45 minutes), and a physical activity component (approximately 45 minutes). The physical activity component of the intervention will include various forms of dance, aerobics, yoga and movement. The activities will be designed to suit the fitness levels of the mothers and the children, and the developmental stages of the children. Participants will be able to self‐select physical activity tasks based on their perceived fitness levels (i.e., there will be no fitness tests for this pragmatic community trial). Physical activity sessions will be led by two female, c CONDITION: physical inactivity; ; physical inactivity Public Health ‐ Health promotion/education PRIMARY OUTCOME: Mother’s total light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity assessed using ActivGraph GT9X Link accelerometers.[The intervention group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (follow‐up measure, week 22).; The delayed matched control group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (for comparison with intervention group post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (post intervention measure ‐ week 22), timepoint four (follow‐up measure ‐ week 33).] SECONDARY OUTCOME: Activity support scale (modelling and activity support sub‐scales; Davison, Li, Baskin, Cox, & Affuso, 2011)[The intervention group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (follow‐up measure, week 22). ; The delayed matched control group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (for comparison with intervention group post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (post intervention measure ‐ week 22), timepoint four (follow‐up measure ‐ week 33).] Body Mass Index ‐ mother and child (weight(kgs)/height2; for child BMI z stardardised for age). Weight (kgs) will be assessed via a TANITA weighing scale, height will be measured via a SECA stadiometer.[The intervention group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (follow‐up measure, week 22). ; [The intervention group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (follow‐up measure, week 22). ; The delayed matched control group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (for comparison with intervention group post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (post intervention measure ‐ week 22), timepoint four (follow‐up measure ‐ week 33).] Child perceptions of parental support for physical activity and child physical activity‐related outcome expectations assessed by questionnaire based on Lee, Nihiser, Strouse, Das, Michael, & Huhman, 2010.[The intervention group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (follow‐up measure, week 22). ; The delayed matched control group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (for comparison with intervention group post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (post intervention measure ‐ week 22), timepoint four (follow‐up measure ‐ week 33).] Child's motivation for physical activity will be measured on the Behavioural Regulation for Exercise for Children (Sebire, Jago, Fox, Edwards, & Thompson, 2013).[The intervention group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (follow‐up measure, week 22). ; The delayed matched control group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (for comparison with intervention group post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (post intervention measure ‐ week 22), timepoint four (follow‐up measure ‐ week 33).] Child's perception of parent permissiveness for sedentary activities assessed by questionnaire based on Adkins, Sherwood, Story, & Davis, 2004.[The intervention group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (follow‐up measure, week 22). ; The delayed matched control group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (for comparison with intervention group post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (post intervention measure ‐ week 22), timepoint four (follow‐up measure ‐ week 33).] Child's perception of parent support for physical activity at home, assessed by questionnaire based on Adkins, Sherwood, Story, & Davis, 2004.[The intervention group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (follow‐up measure, week 22). ; The delayed matched control group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (for comparison with intervention group post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (post intervention measure ‐ week 22), timepoint four (follow‐up measure ‐ week 33).] Child’s total light, moderate, and vigorous physical activity assessed using ActivGraph GT9X Link accelerometers [The intervention group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (follow‐up measure, week 22). ; The delayed matched control group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (for comparison with intervention group post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (post intervention measure ‐ week 22), timepoint four (follow‐up measure ‐ week 33).] Co‐participation for physical activity (mother and child). Single item from Lee, Nihiser, Strouose, Das, Michael, & Huhman, 2010, Additional items based on Morgan, Young, Barnes, Eather, Pollock, and Lubans, 2018.[The intervention group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (follow‐up measure, week 22). ; The delayed matched control group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (for comparison with intervention group post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (post intervention measure ‐ week 22), timepoint four (follow‐up measure ‐ week 33).] Effects of the motivational training of the facilitators ‐ 26 item participant questionnaire (Ntoumanis, Thogersen‐Ntoumani, Quested, & Hancox, 2017)[The intervention group will be measured at timepoint two (post‐intervention measure, week 11). ; The delayed matched control group will be measured at timepoint three (post intervention measure ‐ week 22).] Minutes spent sitting per day (mother and child) assessed using ActivGraph GT9X Link accelerometers.[The intervention group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (follow‐up measure, week 22). ; The delayed matched control group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (for comparison with intervention group post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (post intervention measure ‐ week 22), timepoint four (follow‐up measure ‐ week 33).] Mother's motivation for physical activity will be assessed with the Behavioural Regulation for Exercise Questionnaire ‐ 3 (Marland & Tobin, 2004; Wilson, Rodgers, Loitz, & Scime, 2006). ; The delayed matched control group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (for comparison with intervention group post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (post intervention measure ‐ week 22), timepoint four (follow‐up measure ‐ week 33).] Parent self‐efficacy to do physical activity with child (Adkins, Sherwood, Story, & David, 2004)[The intervention group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (follow‐up measure, week 22). ; The delayed matched control group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (for comparison with intervention group post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (post intervention measure ‐ week 22), timepoint four (follow‐up measure ‐ week 33).] Parent support of child's physical activity level (Adkins, Sherwood, Story, & David, 2004); [The intervention group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (follow‐up measure, week 22). ; The delayed matched control group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (for comparison with intervention group post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (post intervention measure ‐ week 22), timepoint four (follow‐up measure ‐ week 33).] Parental beliefs about physical activity (Lee, Nihiser, Strouose, Das, Michael, & Huhman, 2010)[The intervention group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (follow‐up measure, week 22). ; The delayed matched control group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (for comparison with intervention group post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (post intervention measure ‐ week 22), timepoint four (follow‐up measure ‐ week 33).] Psychological needs support for exercise (competence, autonomy, and relatedness). Children's' perceptions of psychological needs support will be assessed on the Physical Activity Psychological Need Satisfaction for Children scale (Sebire, Jago, Fox, Edwards, & Thompson, 2013).[The intervention group will be measured at timepoint two (post‐intervention measure, week 11). ; The delayed matched control group will be measured at timepoint three (post intervention measure ‐ week 22).] Psychological needs support for exercise (competence, autonomy, and relatedness). Mother's perceptions of psychological needs support will be assessed on the Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (Vlachopoulos & Michailidou, 2006). [The intervention group will be measured at timepoint two (post‐intervention measure, week 11). ; The delayed matched control group will be measured at timepoint three (post intervention measure ‐ week 22).] Quality of life and psychological wellbeing (mothers) will be assessed on the SF‐12 Health Survey (Ware Jr, Kosinski, & Keller, 1996).[The intervention group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (follow‐up measure, week 22). ; The delayed matched control group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (for comparison with intervention group post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (post intervention measure ‐ week 22), timepoint four (follow‐up measure ‐ week 33).] Questionnaire items developed for this study will assess demographic characteristics including Mother's country of birth, country of origin, date of arrival in Australia, languages spoken, marital status, education, employment status, total number of children; and child's date of birth, gender, country of birth, grade and school and languages spoken will be assessed by participant questionnaire.[All participants will be measured at Baseline (week 0)] Self‐esteem (mother) will be assessed on the Harter self‐esteem questionnaire physical appearance and global self‐worth sub‐scales (Messer & Harter, 1986).[The intervention group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (follow‐up measure, week 22). ; The delayed matched control group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (for comparison with intervention group post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (post intervention measure ‐ week 22), timepoint four (follow‐up measure ‐ week 33).] Self‐report moderate and vigorous physical activity (mothers) assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire ‐ short form (IPAQ Research Committee)[The intervention group will be measured at recruitment stage, timepoint two (post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (follow‐up measure, week 22). ; The delayed matched control group will be measured at timepoint three (post intervention measure ‐ week 22).] Waist circumference in centimeters (mother and child) ‐ taken using a tape measure.[The intervention group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (follow‐up measure, week 22). ; The delayed matched control group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (for comparison with intervention group post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (post intervention measure ‐ week 22), timepoint four (follow‐up measure ‐ week 33).] ; The delayed matched control group will be measured at timepoint one (baseline measure, week 0), timepoint two (for comparison with intervention group post‐intervention measure, week 11), timepoint three (post intervention measure ‐ week 22), timepoint four (follow‐up measure ‐ week 33).] Trial evaluation. Participant satisfaction with SAMBA will be assessed by participant questionnaire including items developed specifically for the study, in addition to focus group interviews with mother and child participants (focus groups will be conducted until data saturation is determined; however, at least 2 focus groups of 30‐60 minutes duration will be conducted, with a minimum of 3 mothers and 3 children in each group).[The intervention group will be measured at timepoint two (post‐intervention measure, week 11). INCLUSION CRITERIA: South Asian mothers of primary school‐aged children (5 to 12 years old), who are able to communicate well in English, provide consent, participate in baseline assessments, have no terminal illnesses or health problems that prevent them from doing physical activity, who do not currently meet the physical activity recommendations for health (i.e. <150 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity per week) will be eligible to participate. English speaking, primary school‐aged children of the mothers (maximum one child per mother to participate in the research, however, other children may attend the program) will also be eligible to take part in the program. If the participating mothers have other children that they would like to bring to the session, they can do so, but only one child (preferably the eldest within the study age range) will take part in the program.