The effectiveness of telenursing for the improvement of diabetes self-management behaviors

INTERVENTION: The trial methodology is an interventional, single‐blind, randomized, controlled trial. Researchers will screen patients according to the inclusion criteria. The researchers will then randomly assign 134 respondents to the study using a lottery. The 134 respondents will be randomized into groups using envelopes, including 67 patients in the intervention group and 67 in the control group. The participants will be blinded to which group they are in. The intervention group will receive health education through website‐based telenursing and provide motivation and follow‐up using video calls every two weeks until 12 weeks. The control group will receive usual care with health education using leaflets, every month until three months. The researcher will give information and motivation via telephone for approximately 15 minutes. The researcher will call the patients every two weeks. If they don't connect up to 3 times, they are declared disqualified. Participants in both the control and intervention groups will be measured at the baseline and week 12 for their level of knowledge, social and internal motivation, self‐efficacy, and self‐management of diabetes. In addition, participants will be measured for their level of knowledge and motivation in weeks 4 and 8, and self‐efficacy and self‐management in weeks 6. CONDITION: Diabetes self‐management behavior ; Not Applicable PRIMARY OUTCOME: Diabetes self‐management behaviors measured during video calls using the Summary Diabetes Self‐Care Activities questionnaire (SDSCA) at baseline and weeks 6, and 12 SECONDARY OUTCOME: ; 1. Level of knowledge measured during video calls using a Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire at baseline and weeks 4, 8 and 12; 2. Motivation measured using a Diabetes Fatalism Scale and MOS_Social Support Survey at baseline and weeks 4, 8 and 12; 3. Self‐efficacy measured using a Diabetes Mellitus Self Efficacy Scale at baseline and weeks 6 and 12; INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus examined at the endocrine clinic 2. Aged 40‐60 years old 3. Patients have HbA1C levels of at least 6.5% in the last three months 4. The patient has an Android phone and has installed a website browser and WhatsApp 5. Able to open a website browser and use WhatsApp 6. Willing to be a respondent