Treatment of pain following keyhole surgery in West Africa

INTERVENTION: At the end of the procedure, skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascia, and parietal peritoneum will be infiltrated with one of the following solutions: 1. 3 ml of 2% lignocaine with adrenaline in each 10‐mm port site and 2 ml in each 5‐mm port site (total 200 mg of lignocaine with 1:1000 adrenaline) 2. 3 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride (Marcaine® 0.5%) in each 10‐mm port sites and 2 ml in each 5‐mm port site (total 50 mg of plain bupivacaine) 3. 3 ml of 0.9% saline in each 10‐mm port site and 2 ml in each 5‐mm port site. CONDITION: Pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy ; Surgery ; Post‐operative pain PRIMARY OUTCOME: 1. Number of patients recruited over a 24 month period; 2. Compliance with randomised treatment allocation assessed by the proportion of patients who receive their randomised treatment allocation; 3. Outcome assessment completion assessed by the proportion of pain assessments (measured using both the numerical rating scale and verbal rating scale at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively) and nausea assessments (measured using the numerical rating scale measured at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively) that are completed SECONDARY OUTCOME: Completion of nausea assessment (numerical rating scale) at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively, INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Aged 18 years or older 2. Undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstone disease