Brain Functional Network Analysis and Regulatory Mechanisms in Burning Mouth Syndrome Based on Non-Invasive Brain-Computer Interface

INTERVENTION: Active stimulation group:Anode placed over the left DLPFC, cathode over the right frontal pole. Stimulation parameters: 2 mA, 20 minutes per session, twice daily (=2?hour interval), 2–3 days per week for 2 consecutive weeks (10 sessions total).;Sham stimulation group:A "short onset + current decay" protocol was applied as the placebo control; CONDITION: Burning mouth syndrome PRIMARY OUTCOME: The level of oral mucosal pain; SECONDARY OUTCOME: The sensory and affective aspects of pain;The state of central sensitization;Symptoms of generalized anxiety;Depressive symptoms;The oral health‐related quality of life;Sleep quality;gray matter volume (GMV), cortical thickness (CT), etc.;Resting‐State Brain Function;Unstimulated salivary flow rate;Salivary molecules;Clinical Global Impression;Patient Global Impression; INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. International Classification of Headaches, Third Edition (ICHD‐3) BMS diagnostic criteria: (1) Oral pain lasting more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months; (2) Characterised by burning pain confined to the superficial oral mucosa; (3) May be accompanied by tongue numbness, dry mouth, dysgeusia, or other uncomfortable symptoms; (4) The burning sensation persists or increases in intensity during the day and does not interfere with eating, drinking, or sleeping; (5) The appearance of the oral mucosa is normal, and the clinical examination of the oral mucosa, including sensory examination, is normal; (6) No local or systemic causes of burning pain in the oral mucosa, such as oral mucositis, oral candidiasis, glossitis, Sjogren’s syndrome, diabetes, anemia, and cardiovascular disease, have been found. 2. BMS Subjects INCLUSION CRITERIA: (1) Meets BMS diagnostic criteria; (2) Age >= 18 and <= 75 years, gender is not limited;

Epistemonikos ID: 0c026a77cfa83525e0a69d3d9c72fa0d994ae8fa
First added on: Jun 06, 2026