Organoid Drug Sensitivity-Guided Therapy for Refractory Tumors

This multicenter study will evaluate whether patient-derived tumor organoid drug sensitivity testing can help guide treatment selection for adults with refractory, unresectable, or metastatic tumors after standard treatment options have been exhausted. Fresh tumor tissue or malignant effusion will be collected when clinically obtained, and patient-derived organoids (PDOs) will be established and tested against clinically available drugs. Participants with successful organoid establishment and drug sensitivity results will receive treatment selected with reference to the test results and multidisciplinary clinical judgment. Tumor response will be assessed using RECIST version 1.1, with follow-up for progression, survival, and safety. The study plans nine tumor-specific cohorts.