Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation on Pulmonary Ventilation and Early Postoperative Pulmonary Complications in Elderly Patients Undergoing Lumbar Spine Surgery in the Prone Position

INTERVENTION: The experimental group (transcutaneous electrical acupuncture stimulation group):Thirty minutes before the start of anesthesia, the patients in the experimental group had their bilateral Neiguan and Quchi acupoints connected to a transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) device. Electrical stimulation was administered using sparse‐dense waves at a frequency of 2–100 Hz. The current intensity was set using a standardized titration method: the initial current was 4 mA, and it was increased in 1 mA increments until mild muscle twitching (visible or palpable) or the patient reported a significant "deqi" sensation (aching, numbness, distension, or heaviness) at the acupoint, with a VAS score =3. The current intensity generally ranged between 8–12 mA. The mode and intensity of electrical stimulation were maintained during surgery, and the TEAS device was turned off once the surgical incision was fully sutured.;Control group (sham stimulation group):In the control group, patients had their bilateral Neiguan () and Quchi () acupuncture points similarly connected to an electrostimulation device, using an extremely low‐intensity current (<2mA), insufficient to activate nerves but capable of producing a slight skin sensation. The electrostimulation device was then turned off after the administration of general anesthesia.; CONDITION: Degenerative lumbar spine disease FA82 PRIMARY OUTCOME: Lung Compliance; SECONDARY OUTCOME: Alveolar‐arterial oxygen partial pressure difference;Other respiratory mechanics indicators: Peak Airway Pressure, Mean Airway Pressure, Plateau Pressure;Arterial blood gas (ABG) measurements: PH, PaO2, PaCO2.;Vital signs: HR, MAP, SPO2;Lung Ultrasound Score ;Postoperative pulmonary complications occurrence within 2 hours and 7 days post‐surgery;Postoperative hospitalization days; INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Gender; 2. ASA classification I‐III; 3. Age 65 80 years old; 4. The patient's clinical condition is stable, with no significant acute respiratory diseases in the 4 weeks prior to the study.