Development of a Novel Prediction Tool for Response to First-Line Treatments of Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis: A Randomized, Controlled, International, Multicenter Study (DRYCHILD)

Purpose: Nocturnal urine volume and bladder reservoir function are key pathogenic factors behind monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE). We investigated the predictive value of these together with other demographic and clinical variables for response to first-line treatments in children with MNE. Materials and Methods: A randomized, controlled, international, multicenter study was conducted in 324 treatment-na€ıve children (6-14 years old) with primary MNE. The children were randomized to treatment with or without prior consideration of voiding diaries. In the group where treatment choice was based on voiding diaries, children with nocturnal polyuria and normal maximum voided volume (MVV) received desmopressin (dDAVP) treatment, and children with reduced MVV and no nocturnal polyuria received an enuresis alarm. In the other group, treatment with dDAVP or alarm was randomly allocated. Results: A total of 281 children (72% males) were qualified for statistical analysis. The change of responding to treatment was 21% higher in children where treatment was individualized compared to children where treatment was randomly selected (risk ratio [ 1.21 [1.02-1.45], P [ .032). In children with reduced MVV and no nocturnal polyuria (35% of all children), individualized treatment was associated with a 46% improvement in response compared to random treatment selection (risk ratio [ 1.46 [1.14-1.87], P [ .003). Furthermore, we developed a clinically relevant prediction model for response to dDAVP treatment (receiver operating characteristic curve 0.85). Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that treatment selection based on voiding diaries improves response to first-line treatment, particularly in specific subtypes. Information from voiding diaries together with clinical and demographic information provides the basis for predicting response. Clinical Trial Registration No.: NCT03389412.