Randomized double-blind investigation of glycopyrrolate as an adjunct to phenylephrine for maintenance of maternal blood pressure during spinal anaesthesia for Caesarean section

INTERVENTION: Two groups:Glycopyrrolate versus placebo; CONDITION: Pregnancy PRIMARY OUTCOME: Maternal cardiac output 5 min after induction of spinal anaesthesia; SECONDARY OUTCOME: Blood pressure and heart rate changes from induction of spinal anaesthesia until uterine incision; INCLUSION CRITERIA: American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status 1 or 2 normotensive non‐labouring parturients with term singleton pregnancies who are scheduled for elective Caesarean section and who have been judged suitable and have agreed to have for spinal anaesthesia according to usual clinical criteria