Metabolic profile of frail and pre-frail elderly women and its response to exercise

INTERVENTION: G11.427.410.698.277 The volunteers will be matched by muscle mass and randomly allocated in the 1: 1 ratio by a person not involved in the study in one of the following experimental groups: a) Frail elderly women with exercise (EF) (n=12); b) Pre‐frail elderly women with exercise (PE) (n=12); c) Frail elderly control women (FC)(n=12); d) Pre‐frail elderly control women (PC) (n=12). Additionally, non‐frail elderly women submitted to the same exclusion criteria will be recruited to form the control group (C) (n=12). The FE and PE groups will undergo 20 weeks of supervised multicomponent physical training consisting of strength, aerobic and balance exercises twice a week. In order to increase the adherence of the FC and CP groups to the study, both groups will be taught and encouraged to perform the following flexibility exercises at home twice a week: 1) Cervical retraction; 2) Rotation of the seated trunk; 3) Lateral flexion of the seated trunk; 4) Lateral arm elevation; 5) Unilateral flexion of the lying hip, 6) adduction and horizontal abduction of the shoulders with adducted arms, 7) hip extension and knee flexion simultaneously in lateral decubitus; 8) Standing calf extension supported on the wall. CONDITION: C23.550.359 Senility PRIMARY OUTCOME: The primary outcome will be the serum metabolome, assessed by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The metabolome is the set of metabolites identified in the sample, therefore, the occurrence and concentration of metabolites in millimolar (mM) will be checked. The metabolome is expected to be different between groups and to be altered by chronic exercise SECONDARY OUTCOME: Blood cytokines concentrations (pg/ml) will be assessed through an immunoassay test (ELISA) Body composition will be assessed using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The relative (%) and absolute (kg) lean and fat mass will be determined. It is expected that body composition will change after exercise training, decreasing fat mass and increasing lean mass Functional capacity will be assessed through the Timed Stand and Time Up and Go tests. The walking time and number of times it was possible to get up from a chair per unit of time will be determined. These parameters are expected to improve after exercise training Muscle strength functional will be assessed through a handgrip dynamometer. The total load (kg) will be determined. It is expected that this parameter will improve after exercise training INCLUSION CRITERIA: Women over 65 years old