Remimazolam versus dexmedetomidine on postoperative quality of recovery in frail elderly patients undergoing bronchoscopy: a randomized controlled trial

INTERVENTION: Remimazolam group:The initial dose of remimazolam was 0.1 mg/kg administered via infusion for 3 minutes, followed by maintenance infusion at a rate of 0.1–0.5 mg/kg/h. The initial target plasma concentration of remifentanil was set at 2.5 ng/mL with a peak effect time of 3 minutes, and then adjusted within the range of 2.5–4.0 ng/mL.;Dexmedetomidine group:The initial dose of dexmedetomidine was 0.5 µg/kg infused over 5 minutes, then titrated to 0.5–0.7 µg/kg/h. The initial target plasma concentration of remifentanil was 2.5 ng/mL with a peak effect time of 3 minutes, and subsequently adjusted to 2.5–4.0 ng/mL.; CONDITION: Frailty PRIMARY OUTCOME: The QoR‐15 score at 24 hours after the operation; SECONDARY OUTCOME: incidence of post‐induction hypotension;QoR‐15 item scores;Intraoperative hemodynamic variables (HR and MAP);Emergence time;Dosage of vasoactive medications;Rate of sedation interruption;Incidence and dosage of rescue medication;Satisfaction of the operating physician;Postoperative pulmonary complications; INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Elderly frail patients eligible for bronchoscopy under sedation; 2. Aged >=65 years with an Edmonton Frailty Scale (EFS) score >=6; 3. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification grade II–III; 4. Voluntarily participated in the study with informed consent signed by themselves or their family members.