The Effect of Pectin Supplementation on Geriatric With Frailty: A Randomised Placebo-Controlled Dietary Intervention Study

The study involves intake of Low-methoxy (LM) pectin (polysaccharides extracted from citrus peels), which are commonly found in the UK diet (not pharmacological agents) to test their effects on systematic inflammation in the body and gut microbiome composition. Study subjects will be healthy elderly with early signs of frailty or pre-frailty from the local population and will be asked to attend the laboratory on 2 occasions; before and after 4-week\' supplementing the diet daily with either 10g of pectin with 10g of whey protein and 10g of cocoa powder added as flavour (active arm) or 30g of whey protein with 10g of cocoa powder added as flavour (placebo). Participants will be given the blinded products portioned in individual sachets, with instructions to add the contents of one sachet a day to 150ml of milk and to consume immediately. At each study visit (\~90 minutes), participants will be asked to provide a stool and blood sample, will have blood pressure, heart rate, weight, height, and waist/hip ratio measured, research team will perform physical functioning test (Time up and go test, 30-second sit to stand test) as well as participants will complete the quality-of-life questionnaire (SF-36), the Depression and Anxiety (HADS) and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS).